- birth rate: the ratio of live births in a specified area, group, etc, to the population of that area, etc, usually expressed per 1000 population per year.
- death rate: the number of deaths per unit, usually 1000, of population in a given place and time.
- infant mortality rate: the number of infant death
- life expectancy: the probable number of years remaining in the life of an individual or class of persons determined statistically, affected by such factors as heredity, physical condition, nutrition, and occupation.
- birth control: regulation of the number of children born through the deliberate control or prevention of conception.
- dependency ratio: the state of being dependent
- family planning: the concept or a program of limiting the size of families through the spacing or prevention of pregnancies, esp. for economic reasons
- population pyramids/age-gender structures:
- replacement rate: someone or something that takes the place of another.
- fertility rate: the birthrate of a population.
- ageing population: the length of time during which a being or thing has existed.
- population distribution and population density:the act or instance of distributing people and their density.
